The roof is often the most overlooked aspect of the home mainly because it's outside of our normal field of vision. This is one case in which 'out of sight and out of mind' can have expensive consequences.

When the roof begins to leak, becomes weakened by snow and debris, or starts to grows moss and even grass, people not only take notice, they may also be in for some very expensive repair bills. Regular roof maintenance can improve energy efficiency, increase curb appeal and help to prevent costly repairs.

Moisture

The roof and the exterior walls protect your home from the elements: wind, rain and snow. Even a small leak in the roof that goes unnoticed for weeks or months can weaken the walls and cause damage to furniture, flooring and other belongings. Excess moisture can also lead to the growth of toxic mold on inner walls, insulation and interior surfaces such as carpets and draperies. Safely removing the mold can be an expensive and difficult task. Consult a professional home renovation company; the cleaning process may release mold spores which can be inhaled and may cause severe allergic reactions in some people.

Regular roof maintenance is the best way to prevent leaks. Most roofs are covered with wood or asphalt shingles and both are susceptible to damage from the sun, wind and precipitation. The sun can dry and crack shingles; expansion and contraction with varying temperatures can cause cracks; moisture can allow moss and fungus to grow which may also split the shingles. As a result of any or all of these factors, moisture may begin to seep through the shingles into your home. Maintenance involves cleaning, checking for leaks, repairing worn or damaged shingles and in the case of wood shingles, applying preservative.

Cleaning Your Roof

Ideally, a homeowner should remove debris such as fallen leaves, twigs, etc., from the roof and rain gutters twice a year. This debris can add unnecessary weight to your roof and gutters and create a breeding ground for mold and fungus. Clogged gutters will become even heavier during a rainfall if the water cannot drain out.

Washing your roof at least once a year can help to keep it looking good and remove any unwanted hitchhikers such as moss or fungus. Mix together 250ml of chlorine bleach, 250 ml powdered laundry detergent and 4 litres of hot water in a large pail. Use a garden pump sprayer (or rent a pressure washer) to apply the mixture. Spray it on and allow it to sit for 15 minutes then sweep the surface with a strong bristled broom to remove any dirt. Rinse the area with fresh water. Remember to stand upstream of the water to reduce your chances of slipping on the shingles.

Checking For Leaks

Although most leaks should be repaired by a professional, it is helpful to be able to apply a patch until it can be repaired. Finding leaks requires patience! The most efficient method involves two people. One person stands on the roof and applies a gentle stream of water over the roof while another person with a flashlight goes into the attic or crawl space to look for signs of a leak. If a leak is discovered, the person inside the house should let the person on the roof know so that they can mark the spot. Use cell phones, walkie talkies or simply knock on the ceiling to communicate that a leak has been discovered.

Repairing Worn or Damaged Shingles

Your roof's worst enemy is undoubtedly the elements. Sun, wind and precipitation can dry, crack and buckle shingles. Wood shingles can lose most of their natural moisture and protective resins within 5 years. It is important to inspect your roof at least once a year and repair any damage.

To remove a damaged wood shingle, slide the blade of a hacksaw underneath the damaged shingle and cut the nails that were used to hold the shingle in place. If it does not slide out easily, slide the blade overtop of the shingle and cut the nails on top as well. Use the old shingle as guide to cut a new shingle. Slide in the new one and nail it in place.

Asphalt shingles are more flexible so you can lift up overlapping shingles and use a pry bar to remove the nails. Slide in the new shingle and nail it in place.

Preserving Wood Shingles

Wood shingles can be a beautiful feature of a home. To prevent fading, cracking and discolouration, regular applications of preservative are essential. Homeowners can choose from both oil-based and water-based preservatives. It is best to use whichever type was previously used on your home - although either type will work. Check the weather and choose a day with little wind so that you can avoid inadvertently spraying your neighbours' properties. Also check the forecast for signs of rain; preservative should dry and set for 24 hours before a rainfall or snowfall.

Apply preservative with a paint sprayer and remember to stand upstream of the spray to prevent slipping and falling. Read the manufacturer's instructions on the preservative to ensure that you are applying the right amount.

Safety

When inspecting and cleaning your roof, be sure to do so safely. A safety harness can be a lifesaver especially if you have never been on a roof before. Your ladder should be metal or have metal-supported wooden steps. If the ground around your home is soft, place a large piece of plywood beneath the ladder to prevent it from sinking into the ground. When positioning your ladder, place it at a point in your roof where the rungs of the ladder are parallel to the edge of the roof. Ask someone to hold the ladder when you are climbing up and down. If you are uncomfortable with heights or with walking across an angled surface, consider hiring a professional to maintain your roof.

Spending one or two afternoons every year maintaining your roof is time well spent. Regular upkeep can extend the life of your roof, improve its appearance and save your money in the long run.